⏳💔 美國離婚流程總覽:多久能離婚?完整時間表 U.S. Divorce Timeline: Step-by-Step Guide to How Long It Takes

⏳💔 美國離婚流程總覽:從提出申請到完成,大約要多久?

美國離婚到底要多久?答案是:

➡️ Uncontested(協議離婚)最快:1~6 個月
➡️ Contested(爭議離婚)最久:6 個月到 1~2 年不等

雖然每個州法律不同,但整體流程非常類似。下面這一篇就是最清楚的「美國離婚流程地圖」。無論你是公民、綠卡、工作簽證、還是無證移民,都適用這一篇。


一、整體流程一覽表(最簡單版本)

  1. 提交離婚申請(Filing a Petition)
  2. 送達(Serving the Other Spouse)
  3. 對方回覆(Response)
  4. 等待期(Waiting / Cooling-off Period)
  5. 提交協議或進入調解(Settlement or Mediation)
  6. 法院審核(Court Review)
  7. 法官簽發離婚判決(Final Judgment)

💡 Uncontested:很多州不需開庭,全程靠文件就能完成。


二、流程詳細說明(一步一步講清楚)

1. 提交離婚申請(Filing the Petition)

不論是哪個州,離婚都從「提交 petition」開始。通常由其中一方提出。

需要準備:

  • 離婚 Petition
  • Marriage Certificate(結婚證書)
  • 基本個人資料(不需要 SSN)
  • Filing fee(約 $200~$450)

無證移民也可以提交。 家庭法院不查身份、不通報 ICE。


2. 送達對方(Service)

法律規定必須正式通知另一方你已提出離婚申請。

送達方式包括:

  • 聘請 process server
  • 警長辦公室(sheriff)協助
  • 親自送達(部分州不允許)

對方收到後,通常有 20~30 天回覆。


3. 對方回覆(Response)

對方可以:

  • 同意(uncontested)
  • 不同意(contested)
  • 部分同意、部分不同意

若對方「完全不回覆」:某些州會變成 default judgment(法院自動判決)。


三、等待期(Cooling-off Period)

很多州有強制等待期,尤其是加州:

  • California:6 個月
  • Texas:60 天
  • Florida:無硬性等待期
  • North Carolina:必須分居一年(最長)

這不是法院故意拖,而是州政府希望雙方冷靜思考。


四、協議、調解或議和(Settlement / Mediation)

在這個階段,雙方需要:

  • 決定財產怎麼分
  • 若有孩子:監護、探視、child support
  • 誰保留房子?車子?現金?

若談好了 → 走 Uncontested
若談不攏 → 進入 Contested

調解(mediation)在很多州非常普遍、費用較低。


五、法院審核文件(Court Review)

Uncontested 的案件,這階段非常快:

  • 審查協議是否公平
  • 財產分配是否合理
  • 孩子安排是否符合「最佳利益原則」

通常不用出庭(某些州會要求 Zoom 口頭確認)。


六、法官簽發最終離婚判決(Final Judgment)

這一步完成後,就正式離婚。 法院會發:

  • Final Judgment
  • Notice of Entry of Judgment

之後你就可以做:

  • 改名字(若需要)
  • 更新保險、銀行帳戶
  • 重新安排財產
  • 父母監護、child support 開始生效

七、無證移民流程會比較慢嗎?不會。

離婚流程與移民身份無關。
家庭法院不查身份、不連結移民系統、不會因為你是無證而拖延。

唯一需要注意的是:

  • 如果需要上庭,請準時到
  • 地址要能收到法院文件(可以用朋友地址)
  • 律師依法不能把你的身份透露給 ICE

八、總結:多久能離婚?(最清楚的版本)

Uncontested 離婚:1~6 個月(州法律決定)
Contested 離婚:6 個月~1 年、甚至更久

下一篇我們會寫:
👉 無證移民可以離婚嗎?家庭法院會不會查身份?


⏳💔 U.S. Divorce Timeline: How Long Does the Process Take?

How long does divorce take in the United States? It depends on the state and whether the divorce is uncontested or contested.

➡️ Uncontested: 1–6 months
➡️ Contested: 6 months to 1–2 years

This article explains the full step-by-step timeline. It applies to citizens, green card holders, visa holders, and undocumented immigrants.


1. Overview: The U.S. Divorce Process

  1. Filing a Petition
  2. Serving the Other Spouse
  3. Response
  4. Cooling-Off / Waiting Period
  5. Settlement or Mediation
  6. Court Review
  7. Final Judgment

Many uncontested divorces do not require a court hearing.


2. Step-by-Step Details

1) Filing the Petition

The filing spouse submits the divorce petition along with:

  • Marriage certificate
  • Basic personal information (no SSN required)
  • Filing fee ($200–$450)

Undocumented immigrants can file as well.


2) Serving the Other Spouse

The law requires officially notifying the other spouse.

  • Process server
  • Sheriff service
  • Other state-approved methods

3) Response

The other spouse may:

  • Agree (uncontested)
  • Disagree (contested)
  • Ignore (may lead to default judgment)

3. Cooling-Off / Waiting Period

  • California: 6 months
  • Texas: 60 days
  • Florida: none
  • North Carolina: 1-year separation

4. Settlement or Mediation

Both spouses must resolve:

  • Property division
  • Custody and visitation
  • Child support
  • Spousal support

5. Court Review

The judge reviews the agreement for fairness and child best-interest rules.


6. Final Judgment

Once signed by a judge, the divorce becomes official.

After this, spouses can:

  • Update insurance and banking
  • Change legal documents
  • Begin child support arrangements

7. Does immigration status delay the process? No.

Family courts do not check immigration status. Undocumented immigrants follow the same timeline.


8. Summary

Uncontested: 1–6 months
Contested: 6 months to 1–2 years

Next in the series:
👉 Can Undocumented Immigrants Get Divorced? What Family Courts Actually Do