❗ 為什麼假摔是房東最大風險?Premises Liability 全解析 Why “Slip-and-Fall” Is a Landlord’s Biggest Legal Risk

❗為什麼假摔是房東最大風險?Premises Liability 全解析

在美國的租屋制度裡,拖欠房租不是房東最害怕的事。真正危險的是——房客聲稱在你的房子裡跌倒、滑倒、受傷,然後向你提出 Premises Liability(場地責任索賠)

這種假摔(或半真半假的跌倒)是部分職業房客最愛使用的手段之一,而且只要他們一句話:

“I slipped and fell.”(我滑倒、跌倒)

房東可能會立刻面臨:

  • 數萬元到數十萬元的索賠
  • 長達 1~3 年的訴訟
  • 被指控沒有維持「安全居住環境」
  • 保險跳價、黑名單、壓力爆表

什麼是 Premises Liability?

Premises Liability 的意思是:房客、訪客、工人、或任何人在你的房子「因為安全問題」受傷後,你必須負責。

常見的理由包括:

  • 地板濕滑
  • 樓梯不平、破損
  • 照明不足
  • 你沒有修理漏水/黴菌/暖氣等問題
  • 屋內障礙物造成跌倒

重點是:不需要證據多強,只要他說他跌倒了,你就有麻煩。

為什麼這比欠房租更可怕?

  • Eviction(驅逐)最多拖 6~12 個月
  • Premises Liability 要打 1~3 年
  • 律師費可輕易超過 2~5 萬美元
  • 如果房客年紀大(如 60 歲以上),法官會特別偏向保護房客
  • 保險可能拒賠或漲價到無法負擔

這也是我當年在紐約遇到惡房客時,律師警告我的:

「他快六十歲了。萬一跌倒告你,你吃不完兜著走。」

職業房客為什麼愛用這招?

  • 不用證據強,只要講「跌倒」就能開案
  • 法律天然偏向保護房客
  • 房東最怕打這種官司 → 更容易談判、付錢
  • COVID 之後法院更加塞車 → 時間對房客有利

房東如何保護自己?(最重要的部分)

  • 所有維修通通要有記錄(email / text / receipt)
  • 不要自行進屋 → 一律預約、留下書面證據
  • 不要威脅、怒吼 → 對方錄音就完蛋
  • 保留物業隱患的照片(before / after)
  • 水電、樓梯、地板、照明 → 正常就拍照存證
  • 保留每次聯絡紀錄 → 「我已提供維修」非常重要

最重要的一點:

❗ 不要拖延維修。如果房客報修,你不修,就是你違規。對方跌倒你一定輸。

結語

不是每個房客會假摔,但遇到一次就足以毀掉房東的財務和心理狀態。寫這篇文章不是嚇人,而是希望讓新移民房東了解:在美國,法律程序複雜,房客受傷案件比欠房租更致命。

希望我的真實經驗能提醒更多人:寧可小心謹慎,也不要後悔莫及。


❗Why “Slip-and-Fall” Is a Landlord’s Biggest Legal Risk — Understanding Premises Liability

In the U.S., an eviction is not the scariest thing a landlord may face. The real danger is when a tenant claims they slipped, tripped, or were injured inside your property — and files a Premises Liability claim.

All it takes is one sentence:

“I slipped and fell.”

And instantly, a landlord may face:

  • $20,000–$100,000 in potential liability
  • 1–3 years of litigation
  • Accusations of not maintaining a “safe living environment”
  • Insurance disputes or premium hikes
  • Extreme stress and financial pressure

What Is Premises Liability?

Premises Liability means you may be responsible if a tenant, guest, worker, or anyone suffers an injury due to unsafe conditions on your property.

Common claims include:

  • Slippery floors
  • Uneven or damaged stairs
  • Insufficient lighting
  • Unrepaired leaks, mold, or broken heaters
  • Obstructions causing trips or falls

The scary part: a tenant does not need strong evidence — only a story.

Why This Is More Dangerous Than Nonpayment

  • Evictions may take 6–12 months
  • Premises Liability lawsuits take 1–3 years
  • Legal fees can easily exceed $20,000–$50,000
  • Elderly tenants (60+) receive stronger protection in court
  • Insurance may deny claims or drastically increase premiums

Why Professional Tenants Love This Strategy

  • They don’t need strong proof
  • The law heavily protects tenants
  • Landlords fear litigation → more likely to pay “cash to settle”
  • Court backlogs (especially post-COVID) help tenants drag the case

How Landlords Can Protect Themselves

  • Document all repairs (emails, texts, receipts)
  • Never enter the unit without proper notice
  • Never yell, threaten, or argue (tenants may record you)
  • Take photos of all repairs and safety conditions
  • Fix hazards promptly (leaks, mold, lighting, steps, flooring)
  • Keep detailed communication records

❗If a tenant reports a hazard and you ignore it — you lose automatically.

Conclusion

Not every tenant will fake an injury, but it only takes one case to financially and emotionally devastate a landlord. This article aims to protect new immigrants and first-time landlords who may not be aware of how serious these claims can be in the U.S.

Be cautious. Be documented. Be prepared.