🎬 房客拒絕房東入屋檢查,算不算違法?|24 小時通知、3-Day Notice 實境對白(第 2 集)
你依照加州規定,寫好 24 小時入屋檢查通知,只想確認一下天花板是不是在漏水、煙霧警報器有沒有電池。結果房客回你一句:
「你不能進來,我有隱私權!」
很多房東就卡住了:我是不是真的被擋在門外?如果強硬一點會不會違法?如果太客氣,萬一哪天漏水變成大災難,責任卻落在我頭上,我不就虧大了?
這一集,我們用「房東 × 房客 × 法律」的實境劇本,帶你走完一段非常真實的對話,順便把加州 Civil Code §1954、入屋檢查權、房客拒絕的界線,以及 3-Day Notice to Perform or Quit(三天改善或搬離通知)可能怎麼用,一次講清楚。
🎭 劇本場景:天花板疑似漏水,房客卻說「你不能進來」
地點:加州的一間二樓出租公寓
背景:樓下鄰居抱怨天花板有水漬,懷疑是樓上浴室或水管漏水。房東收到回報後,先寫了一封 Email+簡訊,送出 24 小時入屋檢查通知。
隔天,房東準備依通知時間到場。房客卻一臉不高興地站在門口——
🗣️ 對白一:房客一句「你不能進來」,房東被擋在門外
房東(L): 嗨,我昨天有發 24 小時通知給你,今天要來檢查一下浴室附近的水管,樓下鄰居說天花板有點水漬。
房客(T)(雙手交叉、面無表情): 我有看到,可是我今天不方便,你不能進來。
L: 我可以配合你時間,不會待很久,就是看一下有沒有漏水,或者需要請水電師傅來。
T(語氣變硬): 可是這是我家欸,我有隱私權。你不能說來就來,我說不方便就是不方便,你可以改天。
L: 我尊重你的隱私,所以才會提前通知。只是現在有可能漏水,拖太久會變成結構損害,樓下那戶也會被影響。
T: 那是你們房東跟鄰居的事啊,跟我沒關係。我現在就是不想讓你進來。
🗣️ 對白二:房東解釋法律,房客還是堅持拒絕
L(刻意放慢語氣): 我懂你想要有自己的空間,這很合理。但加州的 Civil Code §1954 有寫,房東可以因為維修、安全、必要檢查等原因,在提前合理通知後,進入屋內。
T(不耐煩): 可是你們也不能一直進來,我會很不舒服。
L: 我也不想一直打擾你,所以我只在必要的時候來。現在樓下天花板已經有水漬,有可能是這一戶的管線問題,如果我完全不檢查,樓下如果出事,責任也會落在我這個屋主身上。
T: 那你就跟樓下的人解釋就好,我這邊就是不方便。
🗣️ 對白三:房東開始紀錄,點出「拒絕配合 = 可能違反租約」
L(拿出手機,冷靜地說): 好,我現在跟你說明,我會記錄今天的情況。
目前狀況是:有合理理由懷疑漏水,樓下天花板已經有明顯水漬。依照法律,我提前 24 小時給你書面通知,今天是依通知時間來做檢查。
如果你仍然堅持完全不讓我進來,未來如果漏水造成更大的損害,保險公司和律師會回頭問:「為什麼房東沒有盡到檢查和維修的責任?」
T(語氣有點心虛): 可是你也不能每次都拿法律壓我吧?
L: 我不是要壓你,我是要保護我們兩邊。你也不希望哪天半夜天花板崩下來,或者長霉、發臭吧?
而且租約裡有寫,房客要配合合理的檢查和維修。如果你持續拒絕,這可能會被視為 lease violation(違反租約)。
🗣️ 對白四:房東提到 3-Day Notice,房客態度鬆動
T: 那如果我就是不簽、不讓你進來呢?
L: 那我可能需要送出 3-Day Notice to Perform or Quit。意思是請你在三天內配合必要的檢查,或改正拒絕的行為,不然就有可能被視為違約,進入後續法律程序。
T(瞪大眼睛): 你是說,你要趕我走?
L: 我現在沒有說要趕你走,而是解釋「下一步可能會發生什麼事」。我當然希望可以用最和平的方式處理——就是你讓我簡單檢查看看,有狀況我們就好好修理,沒狀況你也住得安心。
T(沉默幾秒,嘆氣): 好啦…那你進來看一下就好,不要待太久。
L: 好,我會盡量在 10–15 分鐘內完成,如果需要叫水電師傅,我也會再跟你預約時間,不會突然跑來。
(房東進屋檢查,拍照記錄,發現浴缸邊緣確實有滲水跡象,決定儘快安排維修,避免樓下損害擴大。)
📚 劇本解析:房客可以說「不方便」,但不能無限上綱
1️⃣ 加州 Civil Code §1954:房東的入屋權利,有條件但存在
加州法律並不是一面倒地保護房客,忽略房東。Civil Code §1954 大致規定:
- 房東可以因為維修、檢查、安全、展示房屋等正當理由進入屋內。
- 非緊急狀況,通常要提前「合理通知」(實務上多採用 24 小時)。
- 需在「合理時間」進入(通常是白天、一般上班時段)。
也就是說,只要房東:
- 有合理理由(例如懷疑漏水、電力異常、安全疑慮),
- 有提前通知,
- 在合理時間到訪,
那麼房客「不能無條件地、永久性地拒絕房東進屋」。
2️⃣ 房客有隱私權,但不是「絕對不准進來」
房客的隱私權很重要,房東不能說想進就進、想看就看。但隱私權並不代表:
- 房東永遠不得進入房屋;
- 就算房屋有安全疑慮,房客仍可無限期拒絕檢查;
- 房客可以用「不方便」為理由,拖延到造成更大的損害。
關鍵在於:房東有沒有走完合法程序。如果房東沒有通知,直接開門進屋,那就是房東的問題;但如果房東有依規定通知,房客卻堅持完全不讓進,風向就不一樣了。
3️⃣ 什麼時候房客的拒絕,會變成「違反租約」?
多數租約會寫:
- 房客需允許房東在合理通知與合理時間下,進屋進行必要的維修、檢查或展示。
當房客:
- 明知有漏水、電路、火災等安全疑慮,仍完全拒絕檢查;
- 收到 24 小時入屋通知,卻長期以各種理由拒絕;
- 甚至恐嚇房東、阻礙任何形式的檢查與維修;
在這種情況下,房東通常可以主張:房客已違反租約的「配合檢查與維修」條款。這時候,3-Day Notice to Perform or Quit 就有機會派上用場。
4️⃣ 什麼是 3-Day Notice to Perform or Quit?
簡單來說,它就是:
- 「請在三天內改正你的違約行為,不然就視同終止租約。」
例如:
- 三天內提供進屋檢查的時間;
- 三天內移除違規行為(例如非法加鎖、阻擋安全通道等);
若房客在三天內仍然拒絕,房東就有機會往下一步法律程序走(例如驅逐),但每一州、每一個城市的細節會不同,實務上也建議搭配專業房東律師的意見。
5️⃣ 房東自保小抄:遇到「不讓你進來」時可以這樣做
- 事前:在租約裡清楚寫明「房東在合理通知下,有權為了維修、安全與檢查進入房屋」。
- 事中:用 Email / 簡訊送出 24 小時入屋通知,保留送達紀錄。
- 事中:到場時,如果房客拒絕,語氣冷靜,說明理由並適度紀錄(文字或錄音錄影)。
- 事後:若房客持續拒絕,可諮詢律師,評估送出 3-Day Notice to Perform or Quit 的時機與風險。
- 全程:保持禮貌,但也要清楚表達你有法律義務維護房屋安全,而不是「來看熱鬧」。
身為房東,你不是要當警察,也不是要當壞人;你只是要確保房子不會在你毫不知情下,變成漏水爛尾樓或大麻屋。懂得如何合法進屋檢查,是房東的基本生存技能之一。
🌐 English Version – Can a Tenant Block a Landlord’s Inspection?
You send a proper 24-hour written notice of entry to check a possible leak and make sure the smoke alarms work. When you show up at the scheduled time, your tenant stands in the doorway and says:
“You can’t come in. I have a right to privacy.”
Many landlords freeze at this moment. Am I really not allowed to enter? If I push too hard, will I be breaking the law? If I back off completely and the leak turns into major damage, will I be blamed for not maintaining the property?
In this second episode of the Landlord Script Series, we’ll walk through a realistic dialogue between a landlord and a tenant, and then unpack what California Civil Code §1954 actually says about inspections, when a tenant’s refusal crosses the line into a lease violation, and how a 3-Day Notice to Perform or Quit may come into play.
🎭 Script Snapshot
- Downstairs neighbors report water stains on their ceiling.
- The landlord suspects a leak from the upstairs unit and sends a 24-hour notice of entry.
- The tenant responds, “I’m not comfortable. You can’t come in.”
- The landlord calmly explains:
- There is a legitimate safety/maintenance concern.
- Civil Code §1954 allows entry after proper notice for repairs and inspections.
- The lease requires the tenant to allow reasonable access for maintenance.
- When the landlord mentions that continued refusal may lead to a 3-Day Notice to Perform or Quit, the tenant finally agrees to let the landlord in.
1️⃣ What Does Civil Code §1954 Actually Allow?
California law does not give landlords unlimited power, but it also doesn’t leave landlords helpless. Under Civil Code §1954, a landlord may enter a rental unit for specific purposes, including:
- Necessary or agreed repairs, maintenance, or improvements;
- Health and safety inspections;
- Showing the unit to prospective buyers or tenants (under certain conditions).
In non-emergency situations, the landlord must:
- Give “reasonable” advance notice (commonly interpreted as at least 24 hours);
- Enter during “normal business hours” or other reasonable times;
- State a legitimate reason for entry.
Once those conditions are met, the tenant is not entitled to an absolute “no entry ever” veto.
2️⃣ Tenant Privacy vs. Landlord’s Duty to Maintain
Tenants absolutely have a right to quiet enjoyment and privacy—but that doesn’t mean:
- The landlord can never enter the unit under any circumstances;
- All safety checks can be delayed indefinitely because the tenant feels “uncomfortable”;
- Leaks, electrical problems, or code violations can be ignored.
The law tries to balance both sides: the tenant’s right to privacy and the landlord’s duty to maintain a safe, habitable property.
3️⃣ When Does Refusal Become a Lease Violation?
Most well-drafted leases include clauses such as:
- “Tenant agrees to allow Landlord reasonable access for inspection, repairs, and maintenance after proper notice.”
If a tenant:
- Knows there is a possible leak, electrical issue, or safety concern but still refuses all inspections;
- Repeatedly denies access even after multiple 24-hour notices;
- Threatens or obstructs the landlord from doing any repairs;
Then the refusal may be treated as a breach of lease, not just a personal preference. At that point, a 3-Day Notice to Perform or Quit may be considered.
4️⃣ What Is a 3-Day Notice to Perform or Quit?
In simple terms, it says:
- “You have three days to correct this violation (for example, to allow access), or the landlord may begin termination/eviction procedures.”
It is not something to use lightly, and details vary by city and county. However, when there is clear documentation of:
- Proper notice of entry;
- Legitimate safety or maintenance concerns;
- A tenant’s repeated refusal for no good reason;
a 3-Day Notice can be part of a legal strategy to enforce the lease and protect the property.
5️⃣ A Practical Playbook for Landlords
- Lease stage: Make sure your lease clearly states the landlord’s right of entry for repairs, inspections, and safety issues.
- Notice stage: Always send a written 24-hour notice (email/text plus a posted note if needed) and keep proof.
- Visit stage: When you arrive, stay calm, explain the reason again, and, if met with refusal, document the interaction.
- Escalation stage: If the tenant repeatedly refuses with no valid reason, consult a landlord–tenant attorney about using a 3-Day Notice to Perform or Quit.
- Throughout: Be firm but professional. You’re not entering to snoop—you’re fulfilling your legal duty to maintain a safe and habitable property.
As a landlord, you’re constantly walking a fine line: respecting your tenant’s privacy while also protecting your property and yourself from legal and financial risk. Knowing when—and how—you can legally insist on access for inspections is one of the most important skills in that balancing act.
