❗為什麼假摔是房東最大風險?Premises Liability 全解析
在美國的租屋制度裡,拖欠房租不是房東最害怕的事。真正危險的是——房客聲稱在你的房子裡跌倒、滑倒、受傷,然後向你提出 Premises Liability(場地責任索賠)。
這種假摔(或半真半假的跌倒)是部分職業房客最愛使用的手段之一,而且只要他們一句話:
“I slipped and fell.”(我滑倒、跌倒)
房東可能會立刻面臨:
- 數萬元到數十萬元的索賠
- 長達 1~3 年的訴訟
- 被指控沒有維持「安全居住環境」
- 保險跳價、黑名單、壓力爆表
什麼是 Premises Liability?
Premises Liability 的意思是:房客、訪客、工人、或任何人在你的房子「因為安全問題」受傷後,你必須負責。
常見的理由包括:
- 地板濕滑
- 樓梯不平、破損
- 照明不足
- 你沒有修理漏水/黴菌/暖氣等問題
- 屋內障礙物造成跌倒
重點是:不需要證據多強,只要他說他跌倒了,你就有麻煩。
為什麼這比欠房租更可怕?
- Eviction(驅逐)最多拖 6~12 個月
- Premises Liability 要打 1~3 年
- 律師費可輕易超過 2~5 萬美元
- 如果房客年紀大(如 60 歲以上),法官會特別偏向保護房客
- 保險可能拒賠或漲價到無法負擔
這也是我當年在紐約遇到惡房客時,律師警告我的:
「他快六十歲了。萬一跌倒告你,你吃不完兜著走。」
職業房客為什麼愛用這招?
- 不用證據強,只要講「跌倒」就能開案
- 法律天然偏向保護房客
- 房東最怕打這種官司 → 更容易談判、付錢
- COVID 之後法院更加塞車 → 時間對房客有利
房東如何保護自己?(最重要的部分)
- 所有維修通通要有記錄(email / text / receipt)
- 不要自行進屋 → 一律預約、留下書面證據
- 不要威脅、怒吼 → 對方錄音就完蛋
- 保留物業隱患的照片(before / after)
- 水電、樓梯、地板、照明 → 正常就拍照存證
- 保留每次聯絡紀錄 → 「我已提供維修」非常重要
最重要的一點:
❗ 不要拖延維修。如果房客報修,你不修,就是你違規。對方跌倒你一定輸。
結語
不是每個房客會假摔,但遇到一次就足以毀掉房東的財務和心理狀態。寫這篇文章不是嚇人,而是希望讓新移民房東了解:在美國,法律程序複雜,房客受傷案件比欠房租更致命。
希望我的真實經驗能提醒更多人:寧可小心謹慎,也不要後悔莫及。
❗Why “Slip-and-Fall” Is a Landlord’s Biggest Legal Risk — Understanding Premises Liability
In the U.S., an eviction is not the scariest thing a landlord may face. The real danger is when a tenant claims they slipped, tripped, or were injured inside your property — and files a Premises Liability claim.
All it takes is one sentence:
“I slipped and fell.”
And instantly, a landlord may face:
- $20,000–$100,000 in potential liability
- 1–3 years of litigation
- Accusations of not maintaining a “safe living environment”
- Insurance disputes or premium hikes
- Extreme stress and financial pressure
What Is Premises Liability?
Premises Liability means you may be responsible if a tenant, guest, worker, or anyone suffers an injury due to unsafe conditions on your property.
Common claims include:
- Slippery floors
- Uneven or damaged stairs
- Insufficient lighting
- Unrepaired leaks, mold, or broken heaters
- Obstructions causing trips or falls
The scary part: a tenant does not need strong evidence — only a story.
Why This Is More Dangerous Than Nonpayment
- Evictions may take 6–12 months
- Premises Liability lawsuits take 1–3 years
- Legal fees can easily exceed $20,000–$50,000
- Elderly tenants (60+) receive stronger protection in court
- Insurance may deny claims or drastically increase premiums
Why Professional Tenants Love This Strategy
- They don’t need strong proof
- The law heavily protects tenants
- Landlords fear litigation → more likely to pay “cash to settle”
- Court backlogs (especially post-COVID) help tenants drag the case
How Landlords Can Protect Themselves
- Document all repairs (emails, texts, receipts)
- Never enter the unit without proper notice
- Never yell, threaten, or argue (tenants may record you)
- Take photos of all repairs and safety conditions
- Fix hazards promptly (leaks, mold, lighting, steps, flooring)
- Keep detailed communication records
❗If a tenant reports a hazard and you ignore it — you lose automatically.
Conclusion
Not every tenant will fake an injury, but it only takes one case to financially and emotionally devastate a landlord. This article aims to protect new immigrants and first-time landlords who may not be aware of how serious these claims can be in the U.S.
Be cautious. Be documented. Be prepared.
