🔥 餐廳油火 × 商業保險:最容易被拒賠的五大原因(餐廳、火鍋店、炒飯店、餐車)
商業廚房(commercial kitchen)的油火風險與家用廚房完全不同。火鍋店、炒飯店、餐酒館、boba 店、餐車(food truck)都是保險公司眼中「高風險高溫油火」場所。
商業火災處理的是:
- 更高的油溫(350–375°F)
- 更大的油量
- 更強的火力(wok station 火力比家用高 3–5 倍)
- 抽油煙機內油垢堆積
- 瓦斯管線壓力較高
因此餐廳油火 × 商業保險絕對值得拆成獨立篇。
🔥 一、餐廳油火與家用油火的差別
簡單一句:
家用油火=家庭意外;餐廳油火=營運過失(Negligent Operation)。
🍲 家用油火
- 多屬意外(accidental)
- 通常會賠
- 責任單純
🍳 餐廳油火
- 屬「營利目的」→ 商業保險 vs 家用不同
- 火力更大、油量更高
- 最容易出現「拒賠」的火災類別
- 牽涉設備維護、hood cleaning、city inspection
🔥 二、餐廳遇到油火時,商業保險是否會賠?
餐廳通常需要以下保險:
- 🏢 Commercial Property(商業財產)
- 🛡 General Liability(商業責任)
- 🍳 Commercial Kitchen Fire Coverage
- 💼 Business Interruption(營業中斷)
- 🧯 Equipment Breakdown(抽油煙機、滅火系統)
而餐廳油火是否會賠,最大關鍵是:
→ 有沒有做正確維護與清潔?(尤其是抽油煙機)
🚫 三、最容易被拒賠的五大原因(餐廳專屬)
❌ 1. 抽油煙機(hood)未按規定清潔
這是餐廳油火拒賠率 No.1!
- NFPA 標準:3 個月(heavy use)要清一次
- 很多店 1 年沒洗 → 油垢厚到像瀝青
- 保險公司最愛查這個
只要 hood 油垢太厚 → 拒賠可能性大幅提高。
❌ 2. 滅火系統(fire suppression)未維護
- 商用廚房需有自動滅火系統(ANSUL)
- 需要定期維修與檢測
- 噴嘴堵塞、藥劑過期 → 可拒賠
❌ 3. 設備老舊未維修(油鍋、瓦斯爐、排煙系統)
- 油炸鍋 thermostat 壞掉 → 油溫爆升
- 商用爐火老化 → 火焰外溢
- 油垢燒進煙管 → 火勢迅速延伸
保險公司立場:可預防(preventable)=可拒賠。
❌ 4. 未通過 City Fire Inspection(城市消防檢查)
- 城市消防局每年會檢查商用廚房
- 不符規範=重大過失(Gross Negligence)
- 保險公司可以拒賠建物修復
❌ 5. 用家用保險保「商業」用途
最常見的錯誤之一:
- 火鍋店 → 卻買 homeowner policy?
- 餐車 → 卻買 personal auto policy?
用途不符 → 直接拒賠(Misrepresentation)。
🔥 四、餐廳油火 vs 餐車油火(Food Truck)
餐車的油火更危險,因為:
- 空間更小
- 油煙累積更快
- 多使用 portable LP gas(更高壓)
- 火從油鍋燒到瓦斯桶 → 爆炸風險
→ 餐車保險(Food Truck Insurance)跟餐廳保險完全不同。
📌 五、保險理賠順序(餐廳版本)
- 先修建物(Commercial Property)
- 再修設備(Equipment)
- 再處理責任(Liability)
- 最後是營業中斷(Business Interruption)
若任何一項「不符規範」→ 理賠可能直接卡住。
📌 六、總結(重要的一句話)
家用油火是意外;但商業油火大部分涉及“設備”、“清潔”、“維護”。
任何餐廳只要少做一項,就有機會被拒賠。
如果你是餐廳、火鍋店、餐車老闆:
請務必檢查你的抽油煙機、滅火系統、與你的保單是否真的是商業用途。
🔗 延伸閱讀
✔《火鍋店需要哪些保險?》
✔《餐車保險 Food Truck Insurance 101》
🔥 Commercial Kitchen Grease Fire × Restaurant Insurance: The Top 5 Reasons Claims Get Denied
Commercial kitchens operate with higher temperatures, more oil, stronger burners, and heavier exhaust systems than any home kitchen. As a result, grease fires in restaurants are treated completely differently from household grease fires.
🔥 1. Grease Fire in a Restaurant vs at Home
Home grease fire = accidental.
Restaurant grease fire = operational negligence unless proven otherwise.
Home Kitchen Fire
- Small oil amount
- Usually accidental
- Coverage is straightforward
Commercial Kitchen Fire
- High-heat wok stations
- Large-volume deep fryers
- Grease buildup in hood ducts
- Much stricter insurance rules
🚫 2. Top 5 Reasons Restaurant Fire Claims Are Denied
❌ 1. Hood system not cleaned regularly
- NFPA: heavy-use kitchens must clean every 3 months
- Many restaurants only clean once a year
- Grease buildup inside ducts → fire spreads rapidly
❌ 2. Fire suppression system not maintained
- Commercial kitchens require ANSUL systems
- No maintenance = automatic denial risk
❌ 3. Old or poorly maintained equipment
- Fryer thermostat failure
- Wok burner flame rollout
- Uncleaned ducts catching fire
❌ 4. Failed city fire inspection
Insurers often deny when the restaurant has outstanding violations.
❌ 5. Business use not disclosed
Using a homeowner policy for a restaurant = misrepresentation → denial.
🔥 3. Food Truck Grease Fire vs Restaurant Fire
- Smaller space
- Faster grease accumulation
- Propane tanks increase explosion risk
📌 4. Insurance Coverage Flow
- Commercial Property (building/equipment)
- Equipment Breakdown
- General Liability
- Business Interruption
📌 Final Takeaway
Commercial grease fires involve maintenance, cleaning, equipment, and compliance.
Any missing step can trigger a denial—even if the fire looks “accidental.”
If you operate a restaurant, hotpot shop, food truck, or café:
Double-check your hood cleaning schedule, suppression system, and whether your policy is truly rated as commercial use.
🔗 Related Reading
