🚗🚲 加州腳踏車沒有保險怎麼辦？責任歸屬與碰瓷防身指南

在加州開車，腳踏車、E-Bike、電動滑板車隨處可見。多數騎士沒有車牌、沒有保險，
但一樣在馬路上穿梭。很多駕駛都會擔心：
「萬一是對方有錯、又沒有保險，拍拍屁股就走，我怎麼辦？」

這篇文章整理了：法律定位、責任怎麼判、騎士沒保險時怎麼處理，以及懷疑碰瓷時駕駛可以怎麼自保。

1️⃣ 🚲 腳踏車在加州的法律定位

在加州，腳踏車（bicycle）是「車輛 vehicle」但不是 motor vehicle。
也就是說：

• ❌ 不需要駕照
• ❌ 不需要車牌或註冊
• ❌ 不需要保險
• ✔ 必須遵守交通法規（紅燈、STOP、禮讓、不能逆向）

E-Bike（電動腳踏車）如果符合加州三個等級（Class 1 / 2 / 3）的速度與功率限制，
法律上也一樣：不用駕照、不用牌照、不用保險，但要遵守交通規則。

電動滑板車（E-Scooter）則稍微不同：
需要駕照（Class C），但仍然不需要車牌與保險。

2️⃣ ⚖️ 責任歸屬：不是「汽車永遠有錯」

很多駕駛以為「只要撞到腳踏車，一定都是汽車的錯」。
實務上，加州採用的是 Comparative Fault「比例過失」制度：

• 🚴‍♂️ 如果騎士違規（闖紅燈、逆向、突然衝出、夜間沒燈），責任可以在騎士身上。
• 🚗 如果駕駛未注意或未禮讓（未看盲區、右轉沒看腳踏車道），責任可能在汽車。
• ⚖️ 在很多案件裡，雙方都會被判定各有一部分責任，比例由證據與警察報告來決定。

重點是：只要有警察報告與現場證據，就不會自動把所有錯都算在駕駛身上。

3️⃣ 🚨 騎士有錯、又沒有保險，拍拍屁股就走怎麼辦？

🟥 1. 這種情況可以構成「Hit & Run（肇事逃逸）」

很多人以為只有「車撞車」才有 hit & run。
其實只要腳踏車被認定為 vehicle：

• 腳踏車撞到你的車或造成事故，如果騎士不願意留下資料就離開，
• 你可以向警方報案，並且說明對方離開現場，
• 警方可以把這個事件視為一種 hit & run 記錄。

✅ 關鍵是你有沒有立刻報警、留下紀錄，而不是「對方有沒有保險」。

🟧 2. 那賠償怎麼辦？對方沒保險，他也賠不起啊

現實上，很多腳踏車騎士沒有保險、也沒有足夠財力賠償，所以會回到你的車險：

• 🚗 Collision（碰撞險）：幫你修車，扣自付額。
• 🚗 Uninsured Motorist（UM）：如果保單條款涵蓋這類情形，可能幫你 cover 對方沒保險造成的損失。

不同保險公司、不同保單條款會有差異，但方向都是：
「對方跑了或沒保險，保險公司還是可以依保單來處理。」

✅ 所以你真正能做的，是：

• 確認自己有沒有 Collision、UM 之類的保障；
• 發生事故時，把所有證據都交給保險公司，讓他們幫你處理。

4️⃣ 🛡️ 懷疑是碰瓷或真的發生事故：駕駛自保 SOP

1. 立刻停車、打雙黃燈（Hazard Lights）
   確保自己與其他車輛的安全，避免第二次事故。
2. 撥打 911
   即使對方說「不用叫警察」，為了保護自己，還是要報案。
   ✨ 有警察報告，你才有官方紀錄可以交給保險公司。
3. 用手機開始錄影與拍照
   可以冷靜地說：「For my safety, I’m going to record this.」
   記錄：雙方位置、車損、腳踏車、地面痕跡、路口號誌、對方的說法。
4. 不要急著道歉或承認錯誤
   不要說：「都是我的錯、對不起。」
   你可以改說：「Are you okay? Let’s wait for the police and exchange information.」
5. 等警察來並取得報案號碼（Report Number）
   這是日後保險理賠與責任判定的重要依據。
6. 盡快聯絡保險公司
   把照片、影片、警察報告號碼、你記得的經過，全部提供給保險公司。

很多碰瓷或誇大傷害的情況，一旦發現你冷靜錄影、堅持報警、按流程走，就會停止或收斂。

5️⃣ 🌟 小結：駕駛可以做到的三件事

• 🔍 認識腳踏車與 E-Bike 的法律定位：他們不用保險，但不是沒有責任。
• 📞 事故一定要報警：不報警，幾乎都對駕駛不利。
• 🧾 善用自己的車險：Collision、UM 等保障，就是在這些時候派上用場。

在加州這樣一個「高度共享道路」的地方，懂法律、留證據、按 SOP 做事，比情緒反應更能保護你自己。

🚗🚲 No Insurance for Cyclists? How California Handles Liability & Fraud

In California, roads are full of bicycles, e-bikes, and e-scooters. Most riders have no plates,
no registration, and no insurance—but they are still part of traffic.
Many drivers worry:
“What if the cyclist is at fault, has no insurance, and just walks away?”

This article explains how bicycles are classified under California law, how liability is determined,
what happens when the rider has no insurance, and how drivers can protect themselves against staged or unfair incidents.

1️⃣ 🚲 Legal Status of Bicycles in California

Under California law, a bicycle is a “vehicle,” but not a “motor vehicle.”
In practice, this means:

• ❌ No driver’s license required
• ❌ No registration or plates
• ❌ No insurance required
• ✔ Must obey all traffic laws (signals, stop signs, right-of-way, correct direction of travel)

E-bikes that fall within the three California classes (Class 1/2/3) are treated similarly:
no license, no plates, no insurance required, but full duty to follow traffic rules.

E-scooters are slightly different: a valid Class C license (or permit) is required,
but registration and insurance are still not required.

2️⃣ ⚖️ Liability: It’s Not “Always the Car’s Fault”

A common myth is: “If a car hits a bicycle, the driver is always 100% at fault.”
In reality, California uses comparative fault:

• 🚴‍♂️ If the cyclist breaks the law (running a red light, riding against traffic, sudden darting out, no lights at night), the cyclist can be held liable.
• 🚗 If the driver fails to yield, doesn’t check blind spots or cuts into a bike lane, the driver may bear more responsibility.
• ⚖️ In many cases, both sides share some percentage of fault based on evidence and the police report.

The key point: with a police report and good evidence, fault is not automatically placed on the driver.

3️⃣ 🚨 Cyclist at Fault, No Insurance, Then Leaves – Now What?

🟥 1. This can be treated as Hit & Run

Many people think hit & run only applies to car-on-car crashes.
But since a bicycle is still a vehicle:

• If a cyclist hits your car or clearly causes a crash and then refuses to stay or provide information,
• you can call the police and explain that the rider left the scene,
• and the incident can be treated and recorded as a type of hit & run.

✅ The critical part is that you report it promptly and document what happened,
not whether the cyclist has insurance.

🟧 2. Who pays if the cyclist has no insurance?

In reality, many cyclists have no insurance and limited assets.
Practically, the claim often goes back to your own auto policy:

• 🚗 Collision coverage: helps repair your car (minus your deductible).
• 🚗 Uninsured Motorist (UM/UIM): depending on your policy wording, it may cover damages caused by an uninsured party, even if it’s a non-traditional vehicle.

Details vary by insurer and by policy, but the general idea is:
“If the rider can’t or won’t pay, your own coverage may step in according to what you’ve purchased.”

✅ So the most practical steps are:

• Know what coverages you have (Collision, UM/UIM, etc.).
• Provide full evidence and the police report to your insurer so they can handle the claim.

4️⃣ 🛡️ Suspected Fraud or Real Crash: Driver Protection Checklist

1. Stop safely and turn on your hazard lights.
   Protect yourself and other road users from secondary accidents.
2. Call 911.
   Even if the cyclist says “No need,” you should still request an officer.
   ✨ An official report is often your best protection.
3. Start recording video and taking photos.
   Calmly say, “For my safety, I’m going to record this.”
   Capture positions, damage, the intersection, traffic signals, and the rider’s behavior or statements.
4. Do not apologize or admit fault.
   Avoid statements like “It’s all my fault, I’m so sorry.”
   Instead say, “Are you okay? Let’s wait for the police and exchange information.”
5. Get the police report number.
   This is crucial for insurance and any later legal questions.
6. Contact your insurance company quickly.
   Share all photos, videos, witness info, and the report number. Let the professionals handle negotiations and liability.

Many staged or exaggerated claims end quickly once the driver stays calm, records everything,
calls 911, and refuses to handle it “off the books.”

5️⃣ 🌟 Takeaways for Drivers

• 🔍 Know the legal status of bicycles and e-bikes: they have fewer paperwork requirements, but they still have legal duties.
• 📞 Always report significant incidents to the police: no report usually means weaker protection for you.
• 🧾 Use the coverage you already pay for: Collision and UM/UIM are designed to help in exactly these “unfair” situations.

On shared roads like those in California, staying informed, collecting evidence, and following a clear procedure will protect you far better than reacting emotionally in the moment.